# top/htop - Already covered
# vmstat - Virtual Memory Statistics
vmstat 1 # Update every second
vmstat -s # Summary statistics
# iostat - I/O Statistics
iostat -x 1 # Extended stats every second
iostat -d sda # Specific device
# Other useful tools
uptime # System uptime and load
free -h # Memory usage
lscpu # CPU information
lsblk # Block device information
Log Monitoring
# System logs location
/var/log/syslog # General system messages
/var/log/auth.log # Authentication logs
/var/log/kern.log # Kernel messages
/var/log/dmesg # Boot messages
# View logs
dmesg | tail -20 # Recent kernel messages
tail -f /var/log/syslog # Follow log in real-time
journalctl -xe # Systemd journal
journalctl -u service_name # Specific service logs